Screening Parameters cancer nutrition

• Body weight assessment

          Unintended weight loss
          BMI < 22

• Serum albumin <>

• Unintended decline in cholesterol < 150 mg/dl
  

• 
  
• History of reduced calories and/or protein intake

• Use of vitamins/minerals and complementary/alternative therapies

• Depression
  

Treatment Options of cancer

Nutrition Education:

• Adequate calories, fat, protein and fluids to regain/maintain reasonable weight during active treatment
  
• Modify meal frequency, content and presentation as needed; use creative feeding strategies to encourage eating

Supplements

• Consider high calorie, nutrient-rich foods or liquid supplements for malnutrition associated with disease and/or treatment
  
• Consider vitamin/mineral supplements appropriate to patient's condition
  

Medications

• Recognize that radiation, chemotherapy and/or surgery may negatively impact nutritional and/or metabolic status and/or anatomical function
  
• Consider use of appetite stimulants, antinausea and/or anabolic drugs for management of anorexia or cachexia
  

Therapeutic Objectives of cancer

Optimize food intake and diet quality

Minimize the effect of disease process or treatment on food intake

Optimize nutritional status to maximize therapeutic regimen

Avoid nutritional deficiency states

Outcome Measures

BMI between 22-27 or attain individually prescribed weight goals

Serum albumin > 3.5g/dl May not be achievable

Serum cholesterol = 150 mg/dl Prevent or mitigate a sharp decline

Maintain or improve functional status

Risk Factors of cancer

Tobacco use

Excessive alcohol use

Poor diet quality

Family history

Environmental factors

Prevalence of cancer

Nearly 9 million Americans have a history of CA
2nd leading cause of death in the U.S.
550,000 deaths annually
Accounts for 1 in 4 deaths
1.2 million new cases diagnosed annually

Definition of cancer

Cancer:
A group of related diseases characterized by the uncontrolled growth and potential spread of abnormal cells.

Cancer Anorexia:
Absence of appetite common in cancer patients; may be potentiated or relieved by treatment.

Cancer Cachexia:
Wasting with anorexia, abnormal metabolism and negative energy balance disproportionate to nutrient intake.